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Sampling

What is Sampling?

The process of selecting a subset of items from a population for testing or examination. In auditing, sampling methods include statistical sampling, judgmental sampling, and attribute sampling.

Audit

Each of these is named in at least one of the same controls as sampling. The number is how many controls name both.

What the standards actually require on sampling

Requirements naming sampling across 6 standards, quoted from the control text.

To assure batch uniformity and integrity, written procedures shall describe in-process controls and tests to be conducted on appropriate samples.

CFR211-F-110 · Section 211.110 - Sampling and Testing of In-Process Materials and Drug Products →

An up-to-date schematic of the site's water distribution, including source, holding tanks, treatment and recycling, must be available and used as the basis for sampling and managing water quality.

brcgs-global-standard-for-food-safety-issue-9::4.5.2 · 4.5.2 An up-to-date water distribution diagram used for sampling and quality management →

The site documents and implements the methods, criteria and responsibilities for sampling, inspecting and testing inputs, part-processed product and finished goods, completed at the required intervals to agreed specifications and legal requirements, with sampl...

sqf-code-edition-9-safe-quality-food::2.4.4 · 2.4.4 Product Sampling, Inspection, and Analysis →

Where the laboratory takes the samples, its reports shall, besides meeting 7.8.2, give the following where they are needed to interpret results: the sampling date;

iso-iec-17025-2017-general-requirements-for-testing-and-calibration::7.8.5 · Reporting sampling: specific requirements →

Where the AIMS covers several sites, the certification body applies ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, 9.1.5 in full, with IAF MD 1 for sampling: one AIMS under a centralized management review;

iso-iec-42006-2025::9.1.5 · Multi-site sampling →

Questions people ask about sampling

What is Sampling?
The process of selecting a subset of items from a population for testing or examination. In auditing, sampling methods include statistical sampling, judgmental sampling, and attribute sampling.
Why is Sampling important for compliance?
Sampling is a key concept in Audit. Understanding sampling helps organizations meet regulatory requirements, reduce risk, and demonstrate due diligence during audits. Our compliance platform maps 1,016 frameworks with 316K cross-framework control mappings.
Which compliance frameworks address Sampling?
Sampling appears in the requirement text of 21 CFR Part 211 - Current Good Manufacturing Practice, BRCGS Global Standard for Food Safety Issue 9, SQF Code Edition 9 - Safe Quality Food, GLOBALG.A.P. Integrated Farm Assurance (IFA) Standard v6, ISO/IEC 17025:2017 - General Requirements for Testing and Calibration. Across these standards we have identified 32 controls that name it directly, each linked to the control text on the compliance platform.
Where can I learn more about Sampling?
Explore our compliance framework pages to see how sampling applies across different standards and regulations. Our implementation guides provide step-by-step guidance, and the compliance platform offers AI-powered analysis of how this concept maps across 1,016 frameworks.

See how Sampling applies across compliance frameworks

Our platform maps 1,016 frameworks with 316K cross-framework control mappings. Explore how this concept is addressed across standards.

Written and maintained by Gerard Blokdyk, The Art of Service.