ISO/IEC 25012:2008 - Data Quality Model

Guidance on using the data quality model to establish requirements for target data in specific contexts of use.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

Guidance on defining measurable indicators for each data quality characteristic relevant to the context.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

Guidance on planning and conducting evaluations of data quality against defined requirements and measures.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

Assign data ownership, stewardship, and quality accountability roles supported by policy and process.

• Data governance policy
• Steward register
• Owner appointments

• No data owners
• Stewardship informal

Degree to which data has attributes that correctly represent the true value of intended attributes in a specific context of use.

• Accuracy measurement reports
• Source-of-truth reconciliation
• Error rate metrics

• No accuracy baseline
• No source-of-truth defined

Degree to which subject data has values for all expected attributes and related entity instances in a specific context.

• Null rate reports
• Mandatory-field rules
• Coverage analysis

• Mandatory fields not defined
• Null rates unmonitored

Degree to which data has attributes that are free from contradiction and coherent with other data in a specific context of use.

• Cross-system reconciliation reports
• Referential integrity checks
• Conflict resolution log

• No cross-system reconciliation
• Referential integrity not enforced

Degree to which data has attributes that are regarded as true and believable by users in a specific context.

• Source authorisation records
• Data steward sign-off
• Trust scoring

• Sources not authorised
• No data steward

Degree to which data has attributes that are of the right age in a specific context of use.

• Refresh schedules
• Age-of-data metrics
• Freshness SLAs

• No freshness SLA
• Refresh not monitored

The degree to which data has attributes that correctly represent the true value of the intended attribute of a concept or event in a specific context of use.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

The degree to which subject data associated with an entity has values for all expected attributes and related entity instances.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

The degree to which data has attributes that are free from contradiction and are coherent with other data in a specific context of use.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

The degree to which data has attributes that are regarded as true and believable by users in a specific context of use.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

The degree to which data has attributes that are of the right age in a specific context of use (timeliness of the data).

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

Degree to which data can be accessed in a specific context of use, particularly by people who need supporting technology or special configuration.

• Access path documentation
• Accessibility test results
• Assistive-tech support evidence

• No assistive-tech support
• Access paths undocumented

Degree to which data has attributes that adhere to standards, conventions, or regulations in force and similar rules relating to data quality.

• Regulatory mapping
• Standards conformance reports
• Audit findings

• No regulatory mapping
• Standards not identified

Degree to which data has attributes that ensure it is only accessible and interpretable by authorised users in a specific context.

• Classification scheme
• Access reviews
• Encryption configuration

• No classification
• Access not reviewed

Degree to which data has attributes that can be processed and provide expected levels of performance using appropriate resources.

• Query performance metrics
• Storage efficiency reports
• Resource utilisation

• No performance baseline
• Bloat unmanaged

Degree to which data has attributes that are exact or that provide discrimination in a specific context of use.

• Precision specifications
• Rounding policies
• Unit-of-measure controls

• Precision unspecified
• Mixed units

Degree to which data has attributes that provide an audit trail of access and changes to it in a specific context of use.

• Change history logs
• Lineage diagrams
• Audit trail retention policy

• No lineage
• Audit logs purged early

Degree to which data has attributes that enable it to be read and interpreted by users, expressed in appropriate languages, symbols, and units.

• Data dictionary
• Glossary
• Symbol and unit conventions

• No data dictionary
• Terms ambiguous

The degree to which data has attributes that are exact or that provide discrimination in a specific context of use.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

The degree to which data has attributes that provide an audit trail of access and changes to the data.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

The degree to which data has attributes that enable it to be read and interpreted by users and are expressed in appropriate languages, symbols, and units.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

The degree to which data can be accessed in a specific context of use, particularly by people who need assistive technology.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

The degree to which data has attributes that adhere to standards, conventions, or regulations in force and similar rules.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

The degree to which data has attributes that ensure it is only accessible and interpretable by authorized users.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

The degree to which data has attributes that can be processed and provide the expected levels of performance using appropriate resources.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

Triage, root-cause, and remediate data quality defects with tracked closure and prevention measures.

• Defect register
• Root-cause records
• Preventive action evidence

• Defects not tracked
• No root cause

Establish a programme to measure, monitor, and report data quality characteristics over time.

• Measurement plan
• Dashboard screenshots
• Trend reports

• No measurement plan
• No trending

Degree to which data has attributes that enable it to be retrieved by authorised users or applications in a specific context of use.

• Uptime reports
• Availability SLAs
• Incident logs

• No SLA
• Uptime untracked

Degree to which data has attributes that enable it to be installed, replaced, or moved from one system to another while preserving quality.

• Export procedures
• Format documentation
• Migration test reports

• No standard export format
• Migration untested

Degree to which data has attributes that enable it to maintain and preserve a specified level of operations and quality, even in the event of failure, in a specific context of use.

• Backup procedures
• Restore test results
• RPO and RTO definitions

• Restores untested
• RPO/RTO not defined

The degree to which data has attributes that enable it to be retrieved by authorized users or applications in a specific context of use.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

The degree to which data has attributes that enable it to be installed, replaced, or moved from one system to another.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized

The degree to which data has attributes that enable it to maintain and preserve a specified level of operations and quality, even in the event of failure.

• Quality model documentation
• Characteristic measurement plan
• Quality evaluation report
• Quality requirements

• Characteristics not weighted
• Inherent vs system mix-up
• Measurement irregular
• Evaluation not formalized