ITU Radio Regulations and Space Security Standards

Evidence request list. 8 controls, 8 carrying auditor artefact guidance. Generated from the compliance knowledge graph on 12 September 2026. Published by The Art of Service.

ITU Coordination + Notification

ITU-Coordination-Notification-MIFR-Art9-Art11-Art12-Advance-Publication-Master-International-Frequency-Register

ITU Radio Regulations Article 9 Coordination + Article 11 Notification and Recording + Article 12 International Frequency Registration + Advance Publication + Master International Frequency Register (MIFR) + Cost Recovery + Due Diligence

Articles 9 + 11 + 12 of the ITU Radio Regulations establish the international procedure for coordinating + notifying + and registering frequency assignments to obtain international recognition and protection. (1) Article 9 Procedure for effecting coordination with or obtaining agreement of other administrations: (a) Article 9.1 - Advance Publication Information (API) - Administrations notify the Bureau of intended satellite networks + their assignment details by submission of API at least 2 years and not more than 7 years before bringing into use; (b) Article 9.6 + 9.7 - identifies satellite networks requiring coordination based on technical criteria including frequency overlap + orbital position similarity + service overlap; (c) Article 9.21 - identifies terrestrial assignments requiring coordination; (d) Coordination Request (CR) submitted with technical parameters following API public

Artefacts an auditor will ask for

API filed + CR filed + bilateral coordination + agreement + records + per satellite network
Notification + Bureau examination + favorable/unfavorable finding + records + MIFR entry
MIFR recording date + international recognition + records + per assignment + priority
Resolution 49 due diligence + operator + manufacturer + launch + records + within 2 years
Bringing Into Use + Article 11.44 + 90 days + BIU certification + records + within 7 years

Where this commonly fails

API filed but not coordinated (defaults to suppression)
Notification submitted without Bureau examination
MIFR recording not maintained (lose priority)
Resolution 49 due diligence missed (paper satellite suppression)
BIU not certified (assignment cancelled)

ITU Cybersecurity Space + Coord

ITU-Cybersecurity-Space-Systems-Coord-ITU-T-X-Series-X.805-X.1500-ITU-D-WSIS-CIRT-Outer-Space-Treaty

ITU Cybersecurity of Space Systems + ITU-T X-Series (X.805 + X.1500 + X.1205) + Sector Coordination + ITU-D Development + WSIS + GCI Global Cybersecurity Index + CIRT National Computer Incident Response Teams + Multi-Sector ITU-R/T/D

ITU coordinates radiocommunication + telecommunication standardization + and development across its three sectors with significant cross-sector cybersecurity work. (1) ITU Cybersecurity Standards (ITU-T X-Series Data Networks + Open System Communications and Security): (a) Recommendation ITU-T X.805 (2003) Security architecture for systems providing end-to-end communications - foundational architecture with 8 dimensions + 3 layers + 3 planes; (b) Recommendation ITU-T X.1500 Cybersecurity information exchange framework - structured information for incident response + sharing; (c) Recommendation ITU-T X.1205 (2008) Overview of cybersecurity - terminology + concepts + framework; (d) Recommendation ITU-T X.1051 Information security management guidelines for telecommunications - aligned with ISO/IEC 27011; (e) X.509 Authentication framework + public-key certificates (basis for PKI); (f) Recom

Artefacts an auditor will ask for

X.805 + X.1500 + X.1205 + X.1051 architecture + records + per system
Space system cybersecurity + CCSDS + NIST IR 8270 + ENISA + records + per segment
GNSS cyber + jamming/spoofing + authentication signals + records + per receiver
ITU-D + National CIRT + GCI participation + records + per Member State
Cross-sector coord + WTSA + WTDC + WRC + WSIS + records + per coordination

Where this commonly fails

X.805 architecture not applied (ad hoc security)
Space system cyber treated separately from ground (silos)
GNSS receivers without authentication (spoofing exposed)
ITU-D + National CIRT not established (capacity gap)
Cross-sector coord absent (overlapping decisions)

ITU Earth Stations + Plans

ITU-Earth-Stations-Licensing-Service-Plans-BSS-FSS-MSS-Plans-Appendix30-30A-30B-Region-Plans

ITU Radio Regulations Earth Station Licensing + Coordination + Appendix 30 BSS Plans + Appendix 30A BSS Feeder Links + Appendix 30B FSS Plans + Service Plans + Region 1 + Region 2 + Region 3 + Coordinated Procedures

ITU Radio Regulations frameworks govern Earth Station Licensing + Coordination + and the planned satellite service Plans for guaranteed equitable access. (1) Earth Station Coordination per Article 9.21 and Article 9.21A: (a) Coordination Area around Earth Station based on technical parameters including antenna gain + frequency + elevation angle + assumed potential interferer location; (b) Recommendation ITU-R P.452 + ITU-R P.620 + ITU-R P.526 propagation methods for coordination area calculation; (c) Affected Administrations identified via geographic coordination area + frequency overlap + service overlap; (d) bilateral coordination required before Earth Station can be licensed + brought into use. (2) Earth Station Licensing per Article 18: (a) Member States issue licenses to operate Earth Stations + transmitting + receiving + transmitting + receiving; (b) license includes (i) frequency

Artefacts an auditor will ask for

Earth Station license + national authority + Article 18 + records + per ES
Coordination Area + Article 9.21 + propagation method + bilateral + records + per ES
Type Approval + S.524 + ETSI EN + FCC Part 25 + records + per equipment
Appendix 30/30A/30B Plan + assignment + modification + records + per allotment
ESIM Resolution 156 + A-ESIM/M-ESIM/L-ESIM + records + per ES

Where this commonly fails

ES operated without national license
Coordination Area not calculated (interference disputes)
Type Approval absent (off-axis emission non-compliant)
Plan allotment unutilised (forfeit at next modification window)
ESIM operated without Resolution 156 framework

ITU Frequency Allocations

ITU-Frequency-Allocations-Art4-Art5-3-Regions-Service-Categories-Primary-Secondary-Allocation-Table

ITU Radio Regulations Article 4 Assignment and Use + Article 5 Frequency Allocations + 3 ITU Regions + Service Categories + Primary + Secondary Allocations + Frequency Allocation Table + Conformity of Emissions

Articles 4 + 5 of the ITU Radio Regulations govern frequency assignment + use + and the international Frequency Allocation Table. (1) Article 4 Assignment and Use of Frequencies: (a) Article 4.1 - Member States shall endeavour to limit the number of frequencies + the spectrum used to the minimum essential to provide in a satisfactory manner the necessary services; (b) Article 4.2 - Administrations of Member States shall not assign to a station any frequency in derogation of either the Table of Frequency Allocations in Article 5 or the other provisions of the Radio Regulations; (c) Article 4.3 - exceptional cases (security + safety + experimental) require non-harmful-interference + non-protection condition; (d) Article 4.4 - Administrations shall be bound to observe in the assignment of frequencies the provisions of these Regulations; (e) Article 4.5-4.18 - additional provisions on co-cha

Artefacts an auditor will ask for

International Frequency Allocation Table + per service + per band + records + per assignment
ITU Region (1/2/3) + national variations + footnotes + records + per band
Primary/Secondary mapping + per assignment + records + interference protection rights
Conformity of emissions + Article 4.4 + Appendix 1 designation + Appendix 2 tolerance + Appendix 3 spurious + records
National Frequency Allocation Table + alignment + records + per administration

Where this commonly fails

Frequency Allocation Table not consulted (services assigned without basis)
ITU Region not identified (cross-region issues)
Primary/Secondary status unclear (interference disputes)
Article 4.4 conformity not documented
National table out of step with international

ITU Interference Prevention + Monitoring

ITU-Interference-Prevention-Art15-Art16-Harmful-Interference-International-Monitoring-System-Reporting

ITU Radio Regulations Article 15 Interference Prevention + Article 16 International Monitoring + Harmful Interference Reporting + Resolution Process + RFI Geolocation + International Monitoring System

Articles 15 + 16 of the ITU Radio Regulations establish procedures to prevent + report + and resolve harmful interference between radiocommunication stations. (1) Article 15 Interference: (a) Article 15.1-15.5 - general obligations of Administrations to prevent harmful interference + take all practicable steps to comply with the Radio Regulations + ITU-R Recommendations + standards of good engineering practice; (b) Article 15.7 - non-conformity emissions: emissions outside the necessary bandwidth (out-of-band) + spurious emissions shall be reduced to the lowest practicable value; (c) Article 15.8-15.11 - reporting harmful interference between administrations: (i) the affected administration may report by IRREGULAR EMISSION or INTERFERENCE REPORT to the Bureau using ITU-R Recommendation BS.412 / BT.500 form; (ii) the Bureau forwards to the administration concerned for response; (iii) if n

Artefacts an auditor will ask for

Harmful interference reports + Article 15.8 + Bureau + bilateral + records + per incident
Monitoring station + IMS participation + ITU-R SM.1413 reports + records + per station
Out-of-band + spurious emission measurements + per Appendix 3 + records + per emission
RFI geolocation + TDOA/FDOA/AOA + records + per incident + commercial service
Cross-border interference + regional coordination + bilateral + records + per case

Where this commonly fails

Harmful interference reports informal (not via Bureau)
Monitoring station unregistered + IMS not coordinated
Spurious emissions not measured + Appendix 3 not applied
RFI geolocation absent (interference unresolved)
Regional coordination forum participation absent

ITU Scope + Constitution + RR

ITU-Scope-Constitution-Convention-Radio-Regulations-WRC-Quadrennial-Treaty-Art1-Definitions

ITU Constitution + Convention + Radio Regulations Scope + Article 1 Definitions + Article 2 Nomenclature + WRC World Radiocommunication Conference Quadrennial Treaty Process + Member States + Sector Members

International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a United Nations specialized agency headquartered in Geneva responsible for issues that concern information and communication technologies (ICTs). Founded as the International Telegraph Union on 17 May 1865 (one of the oldest international organisations in existence) it became the ITU in 1934 and a UN specialized agency in 1947. The ITU operates through three sectors: ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) including the Radio Regulations Board (RRB) + Radiocommunication Bureau (BR); ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T); ITU Telecommunication Development Sector (ITU-D). 194 Member States plus over 900 Sector Members + Associates + Academia. (1) ITU Constitution and Convention: the Constitution (entered into force 1 July 1994) is the fundamental instrument of the Union + complemented by the Convention which contains general prov

Artefacts an auditor will ask for

ITU Member State / Sector Member status + records + per membership
Radio Regulations 2024 Edition + compliance posture + records + per article
WRC Final Acts + WRC-23/19/15 implementation + records + per RR change
Article 1 definitions + applicability mapping + records + per term
Article 2 nomenclature + emission designation per Appendix 1 + records + per emission

Where this commonly fails

ITU membership ambiguous (no records)
RR 2024 Edition compliance posture absent (older edition cited)
WRC implementation reactive (no tracking)
Article 1 definitions misapplied (terms used loosely)
Emission designations non-standard (Appendix 1 not followed)

ITU Space Services

ITU-Space-Services-Art21-Art22-Art23-PFD-EPFD-Limits-NGSO-Constellation-Milestones-Bringing-Into-Use

ITU Radio Regulations Article 21 Terrestrial and Space Sharing + Article 22 Space Services + Article 23 Time Signal + PFD Power Flux Density + EPFD Equivalent PFD + NGSO Non-Geostationary Constellation Milestones + Bringing Into Use

Articles 21 + 22 + 23 of the ITU Radio Regulations establish the framework for space radiocommunication services + terrestrial-space sharing + and protection mechanisms. (1) Article 21 Terrestrial and Space Sharing: (a) Article 21.1-21.5 - applies to frequency bands shared between space service stations + terrestrial service stations + provides PFD Power Flux Density limits at Earth surface for space stations to protect terrestrial services; (b) Article 21.16 - maximum permissible PFD values in frequency bands shared between space services and terrestrial services per Table 21-4 (varies by service + band + elevation angle e.g. -154 dBW/m2/4 kHz for GSO FSS); (c) Article 21.5 - exceedance of PFD limits permitted upon agreement of affected administrations; (d) limits cover GSO FSS + GSO MSS + GSO BSS + NGSO FSS + NGSO MSS + amateur satellite + RNSS protection of GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/BeiDou

Artefacts an auditor will ask for

Article 21 PFD compliance + per Table 21-4 + records + per emission + per band
Article 22 EPFD compliance + Recommendation S.1503-4 software + records + per NGSO network
Article 23 time signal + UTC + RNSS + records + per service
Resolution 35 milestones + Year 2 10% + Year 5 50% + Year 7 100% + records
Article 11.44 BIU + 90 days + certification + records + per satellite

Where this commonly fails

PFD limits exceeded (Article 21 violation)
EPFD software not run + GSO unprotected
NGSO Resolution 35 milestones missed (satellites limited)
BIU not certified within 7 years (assignment cancelled)
Suspension not maintained (3-year limit exceeded)

ITU Space Sustainability

ITU-Space-Debris-Mitigation-IADC-Guidelines-UNCOPUOS-LTS-25Year-Rule-EOL-Disposal-Registration-Convention

ITU + IADC Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines + UNCOPUOS Long-Term Sustainability (LTS) Guidelines + 25-Year Rule + End-of-Life Disposal + Registration Convention + Outer Space Treaty + Space Traffic Coordination

Space sustainability + debris mitigation are governed by multiple international instruments coordinated through ITU + UNCOPUOS + IADC + national regulators. (1) Outer Space Treaty 1967 (Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space): (a) Article I - exploration and use shall be for benefit of all countries; (b) Article II - outer space is not subject to national appropriation; (c) Article VI - States bear international responsibility for national activities in outer space whether carried on by governmental or non-governmental entities + authorize and continuously supervise non-governmental entities; (d) Article VII - State liable for damage caused by its space objects (further developed by Liability Convention 1972); (e) Article VIII - State of registry retains jurisdiction and control over the space object + personnel; (f) Article IX -

Artefacts an auditor will ask for

IADC compliance + ISO 24113 + 5/25-year rule + PMD probability >90% + records + per mission
UNCOPUOS LTS Guidelines + 21 Guidelines + implementation + records + per guideline
Registration Convention + UNOOSA + national registry + records + per space object
EOL disposal + controlled re-entry + GEO graveyard +235km + records + per mission
STC + 18 SDS + commercial SSA + conjunction warnings + records + per encounter

Where this commonly fails

IADC compliance absent (no debris mitigation plan)
UNCOPUOS LTS Guidelines not addressed
Registration Convention compliance missed (unregistered objects)
EOL disposal strategy absent (orbit lifetime unbounded)
STC not used (collision risk uncontrolled)

Assembled from the framework’s own control set, so this list is regenerated rather than written and stays current as the graph does. See the ITU Radio Regulations and Space Security Standards framework page.