Observation
What is Observation?
A finding noted during an audit that does not constitute a nonconformity but represents an area where improvement is recommended. Observations may indicate emerging risks or opportunities to strengthen the management system.
Terms that appear alongside observation
Each of these is named in at least one of the same controls as observation. The number is how many controls name both.
- audit 7 shared controls
- policy 6 shared controls
- nist 5 shared controls
- incident response 4 shared controls
- access control 4 shared controls
- cybersecurity 4 shared controls
- compliance 4 shared controls
- integrity 3 shared controls
Frameworks that govern observation
What the standards actually require on observation
Requirements naming observation across 6 standards, quoted from the control text.
Reflective Observation (RO) is the second stage of Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle - the Intention end of the transforming dimension. Learners pause + watch + listen + reflect on the meaning of an experience without rushing to conclusions or action.
KOLB-Stage2-Reflective-Observation-RO-Watching-Listening-Reviewing-Reflector-Learners-Pause-Consider · Kolb Stage 2 Reflective Observation (RO) + Watching + Listening + Reviewing + Reflector Learners + Pause and Consider + Multiple Perspectives + Reflective Journaling + Debrief + Schon Reflective Practitioner Connection →Detect is the third of five functional elements per MSC-FAL.1/Circ.3/Rev.2. Activities include: (1) Anomaly Detection - behavioural baselines for OT systems (bridge equipment patterns + engine room SCADA + propulsion + cargo) + network anomaly detection (deep...
IMO-MSC-FAL-Detect-AnomalyDetection-OT-IT-Monitoring-Reporting-BridgeAlarms · IMO MSC-FAL Detect Function - Anomaly Detection + OT and IT System Monitoring + Bridge Alarms + Log Aggregation + Incident Reporting Channels + Crew Observation →Govern how Voice over Internet Protocol technology may be used, and keep its use under observation once deployed.
SC.L2-3.13.14 · Voice over Internet Protocol →ITU-T Recommendation X.805 (10/2003) Security architecture for systems providing end-to-end communications is a foundational network security architecture standard published by the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector...
X805-Scope-Architecture-3Layers-3Planes-8Dimensions-5Threats-72Cells-X.800-Series-Heritage · ITU-T X.805 Scope + Security Architecture Overview + 3 Security Layers x 3 Security Planes (9 Modules) x 8 Security Dimensions = 72 Security Perspectives + 5 Threat Categories + X.800-Series Heritage + End-to-End Network Communications →Cybersecurity exercises + drills are mandated per FSA Cybersecurity Guidelines for Tier 2/3 institutions + coordinated industry-wide via Delta Wall + FISC. (1) Institutional Tabletop Exercises: (a) Annual minimum per FSA expectation;
JP-FSA-CYB-Cybersecurity-Exercises-Drills-Annual-Tabletop-Industry-Wide-Exercise-Delta-Wall-FSA-Coordinated-Sector · Japan FSA Cybersecurity Exercises + Drills + Annual Tabletop + Industry-Wide Exercise + Delta Wall + FSA Coordinated Sector-Wide + FISC Drills + Cross-Sector Crisis Coordination + International Exercises + Cyber Range →Per PCAOB AS 2201 paragraphs 7, 8-9, 39, 42: walkthroughs + selection + design effectiveness. Requirements include (a) perform Walkthroughs of significant transaction flows to confirm understanding of controls + identify control points + (b) Selecting Controls...
ASTWO-4 · Walkthroughs, Control Selection, Design Effectiveness Testing →Questions people ask about observation
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