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Special Category Data

What is Special Category Data?

Personal data types that require additional protections under GDPR, including racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious beliefs, and health data.

Privacy and Data Protection

Each of these is named in at least one of the same controls as special category data. The number is how many controls name both.

What the standards actually require on special category data

Requirements naming special category data across 6 standards, quoted from the control text.

Facial recognition carries higher risks than ordinary video, especially when used to infer behaviour, emotion or intention, and raises accuracy concerns for ethnic minority groups;

uk-ico-employment-practices-and-data-protection-monitoring-workers-2023::3.5(c) · 3.5(c) Facial recognition in worker monitoring: special category data, a lawful basis and condition, and a DPIA →

Special categories of employee data may be processed for the employment contract where necessary to exercise rights or meet legal obligations under employment, social security and social protection law and there is no reason to think the employee's legitimate...

greece-law-46242019-hellenic-data-protection-authority-hdpa-implementation-act::Art.27.3 · Article 27(3): employee special-category data only for employment, social security and social protection duties →

Where processing of personal or special category data is necessary for a task carried out in the public interest (GDPR arts 6(1)(e) and 9(2)(g)), the controller or third party must put in place: (a) appropriate technical and organisational measures to respect...

romania-law-no-1902018-on-data-protection-measures-gdpr-implementation::6 · Public-interest processing: safeguards for personal and special category data →

Article 17: processing revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinion, religious or philosophical belief or trade-union membership, and processing of genetic data, biometric data for unique identification, health data or data on sex life or sexual orient...

serbia-law-on-personal-data-protection-2018::17 · Process special-category data only under an Article 17 exception →

Apply heightened controls to special category data (health, biometrics, race, religion, political views) including explicit consent or statutory exception.

AM-DPA-03 · Special Category Data Restrictions →

Special category data may not be processed except where processing is mandatory by law, the subject has given written consent (including through the e-government system, added in 2024), the data is open under Article 5.3, it is needed to protect the life and h...

azerbaijan-law-on-personal-data-2010::Art 9.7-9.8 · Articles 9.7 and 9.8: special category data only on listed grounds, then block and destroy →

Questions people ask about special category data

What is Special Category Data?
Personal data types that require additional protections under GDPR, including racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious beliefs, and health data.
Why is Special Category Data important for compliance?
Special Category Data is a key concept in Privacy and Data Protection. Understanding special category data helps organizations meet regulatory requirements, reduce risk, and demonstrate due diligence during audits. Our compliance platform maps 1,016 frameworks with 316K cross-framework control mappings.
Which compliance frameworks address Special Category Data?
Special Category Data appears in the requirement text of UK ICO Employment Practices and Data Protection: Monitoring Workers (2023), Greece Law 4624/2019 - Hellenic Data Protection Authority (HDPA) Implementation Act, Romania Law No. 190/2018 on Data Protection Measures (GDPR Implementation), Serbia Law on Personal Data Protection (2018), Armenia Law on Protection of Personal Data (2015). Across these standards we have identified 16 controls that name it directly, each linked to the control text on the compliance platform.
Where can I learn more about Special Category Data?
Explore our compliance framework pages to see how special category data applies across different standards and regulations. Our implementation guides provide step-by-step guidance, and the compliance platform offers AI-powered analysis of how this concept maps across 1,016 frameworks.

See how Special Category Data applies across compliance frameworks

Our platform maps 1,016 frameworks with 316K cross-framework control mappings. Explore how this concept is addressed across standards.

Written and maintained by Gerard Blokdyk, The Art of Service.